[27] Saudi Arabia has since become the world's second largest oil producer (behind the US) and the world's largest oil exporter, controlling the world's second largest oil reserves and the sixth largest gas reserves. He invited the Kuwaiti government and many of its citizens to stay in Saudi Arabia, but expelled citizens of Yemen and Jordan because of their governments' support of Iraq. [546] Polygamy is permitted for men,[552] and men have a unilateral right to divorce their wives (talaq) without needing any legal justification. In response to the continuing criticism of its human rights record, the Saudi government points to the special Islamic character of the country, and asserts that this justifies a different social and political order. The rate of literacy is 97.1% among males and is about 92.71% among females (2017). [75] In antiquity, Gulf of Aqaba used to be called Gulf of Lihyan. Per capita income fell from a high of $11,700 at the height of the oil boom in 1981 to $6,300 in 1998. [445], According to estimates there are about 1,500,000 Christians in Saudi Arabia, almost all foreign workers. [189] Although the Al ash-Sheikh's domination of the ulema has diminished in recent decades,[190] they still hold the most important religious posts and are closely linked to the Al Saud by a high degree of intermarriage. [301] American politicians and media accused the Saudi government of supporting terrorism and tolerating a jihadist culture. [citation needed], In 1973, Saudi Arabia led an oil boycott against the Western countries that supported Israel in the Yom Kippur War against Egypt and Syria. Average summer temperatures are around 45 °C (113 °F), but can be as high as 54 °C (129 °F). [304] The leaked US Department of State memo, dated 17 August 2014, says that "governments of Qatar and Saudi Arabia...are providing clandestine financial and logistic support to ISIS and other radical groups in the region. (The CIA Factbook estimated that as of 2013[update] foreign nationals living in Saudi Arabia made up about 21% of the population. [567] Women were allowed to vote and be candidates in the 12 December 2015 municipal elections. Sezione Consolare. [492] 90 percent of books published in the kingdom were on religious subjects, and most of the doctorates awarded by its universities were in Islamic studies. [123] However, open protest against the government, even if peaceful, is not tolerated. Its modern high-technology arsenal makes Saudi Arabia among the world's most densely armed nations, with its military equipment being supplied primarily by the US, France and Britain. "[305] Former CIA director James Woolsey described it as "the soil in which Al-Qaeda and its sister terrorist organizations are flourishing. Actividad 3 Miss Landscape. Arabia Saudita, rite regnum Arabiae ... Anno 2005 prima municipalia comitia in illa civitate, perturbata comitia re vera, sed magnus gradus tam rigidae traditionis nationi fuit. Saudi judges tend to follow the principles of the Hanbali school of jurisprudence (or fiqh) found in pre-modern texts[192] and noted for its literalist interpretation of the Qur'an and hadith. [98], The first "Saudi state" established in 1744 in the area around Riyadh, rapidly expanded and briefly controlled most of the present-day territory of Saudi Arabia,[99] sacking Karbala in 1802 and capturing Mecca in 1803, but was destroyed by 1818 by the Ottoman viceroy of Egypt, Mohammed Ali Pasha. "[80], In 1995, Fahd suffered a debilitating stroke, and the Crown Prince, Abdullah, assumed the role of de facto regent, taking on the day-to-day running of the country. Es enviroutat per Koweit, Iraq, Jordania, Israèl au nòrd, la Mar Roja a l'oèst, Iemèn e Oman au sud e leis Emirats Arabis Units, Qatar e lo Golf Persic a l'èst. One journalist states that 51% of the Saudi population is under the age of 25: The Economist magazine lists an estimated nine million: Willem Adriaan Veenhoven and Winifred Crum Ewing (1976). The film was based on the 2018 murder of Jamal Khashoggi by Saudi authorities. The large expatriate communities also speak their own languages, the most numerous of which are Tagalog (700,000), Rohingya (400,000), Urdu (380,000), Egyptian Arabic (300,000), and Indonesian (250,000). Saudi Arabia to remove key restrictions on migrant laborers. [citation needed], Royal decrees are the other main source of law; but are referred to as regulations rather than laws because they are subordinate to the Sharia. [466], Saudi Arabia has centuries-old attitudes and traditions, often derived from Arab civilization. The Al Jouf farms are located in Sakaka, a city in the north-western part of Saudi Arabia, which is a deeply-rooted in history. [519] A new center, the King Salman Complex for the Prophet's Hadith, was established that year to monitor interpretations of the Prophet Mohammed's hadiths to prevent them being used to justify terrorism. Saudi Arabia is the birthplace of Islam, and most of its natives are adherents of the majority Sunni branch. [353], Saudi Arabia's geography is dominated by the Arabian Desert, associated semi-desert and shrubland (see satellite image) and several mountain ranges and highlands. [341] In January 2016, Saudi Arabia executed the prominent Shia cleric Sheikh Nimr who had called for pro-democracy demonstrations and for free elections in Saudi Arabia. [300], The relations with the U.S. became strained following 9/11 terror attacks. [80], After the conquest of the Hejaz, the Ikhwan leadership's objective switched to expansion of the Wahhabist realm into the British protectorates of Transjordan, Iraq and Kuwait, and began raiding those territories. [citation needed] Saudi Arabia spends 8.8% of its gross domestic product on education, compared with the global average of 4.6%. Saudi Arabia is home to a rich marine life. Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera. [30], The state has attracted criticism for a variety of reasons including: its role in the Yemeni Civil War, sponsorship of Islamic terrorism, its failure to adopt adequate measures against human trafficking, and its poor human rights record, which has been characterized by the lack of women's rights, excessive and often extrajudicial use of capital punishment, state-sponsored discrimination against religious minorities and atheists, state-sanctioned racism and antisemitism, and its strict interpretation of Shari'a law. [424] A large fraction are foreign nationals. [380][381] Saudi Arabia may cut or keep Asia crude prices steady in December: Survey Three of six Asian buyers expect the December OSP for Saudi flagship grade Arab Light to fall by 10-20 cents a barrel from the previous month, while two others expected prices to hold steady, the survey showed Annual rainfall is extremely low. Many of the unusual offshore reef formations defy classic (i.e., Darwinian) coral reef classification schemes, and are generally attributed to the high levels of tectonic activity that characterize the area. [400] According to data from Fitch Ratings, over two years starting from May 2016 Saudi Arabia went from having zero debt to raising $68 billion in dollar-denominated bonds and syndicated loans—one of the fastest rates among emerging economies. Domesticated animals include the legendary Arabian horse, Arabian camel, sheep, goats, cows, donkeys, chickens etc. [481][482] Prince Bandar bin Sultan, Saudi ambassador to the United States, stated: "The time is not far off in the Middle East when it will be literally 'God help the Shia'. 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The facility raised concerns among the US and allied officials about Saudi nuclear energy plans and the country’s option of developing nuclear weapon. [279], Saudi Arabia halted new trade and investment dealings with Canada and suspended diplomatic ties in a dramatic escalation of a dispute over the kingdom's arrest of women's rights activist Samar Badawi on 6 August 2018. Saudi Arabia (officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia or KSA) is a Middle Eastern country that occupies most of the Arabian peninsula and has coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea. However, it attracted controversy when many of its high profile attendees, including Armie Hammer, Joan Smalls and Wilmer Valderrama, were criticized for engaging in "image rehab" for the kingdom, overlooking the continued human rights abuses in the country. The local dairy manufacturing company Almarai is the largest vertically integrated dairy company in the Middle East. The reefs form platforms and sometimes lagoons along the coast and occasional other features such as cylinders (such as the Blue Hole (Red Sea) at Dahab). In the winter the temperature rarely drops below 0 °C (32 °F). De asemenea, are o coastă maritimă de mari dimensiuni, în partea estică aflându-se Golful Persic, iar în … Saudi Arabia's command economy is petroleum-based; roughly 63%[378] of budget revenues and 67%[379] of export earnings come from the oil industry. [80] In 1975, Faisal was assassinated by his nephew, Prince Faisal bin Musaid and was succeeded by his half-brother King Khalid. ARABIA SAUDITA Denumirea oficială: Regatul Arab Saudit Capitala: Riyad Limba oficială: arabă Suprafaţa: 2.150.000 km2 Locuitori: 18,4 mil. Looking to join a successful business? Saudi Arabia is bordered by Jordan and Iraq to the north, Kuwait to the northeast, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates to the east, Oman [204] Between 1996 and 2000, Saudi Arabia acceded to four UN human rights conventions and, in 2004, the government approved the establishment of the National Society for Human Rights (NSHR), staffed by government employees, to monitor their implementation. The fertile areas are to be found in the alluvial deposits in wadis, basins, and oases. populații istorice și prognozate (ambele sexe) pentru perioada 1950-2100 (în milioane) populația Arabia Saudită de la 1 iulie a anului indicat.Sursă divizia ONU pentru Populație . Other denominations, such as the minority Shia Islam, are systematically suppressed. [546][548] A royal decree passed in May 2017 allowed them to avail government services such as education and healthcare without the need of a consent of a male guardian. [180] The Al ash-Sheikh are the descendants of Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, the 18th-century founder of the Wahhabi form of Sunni Islam which is today dominant in Saudi Arabia. [208] Studies have shown that Saudi Arabia has one of the lowest crime rates in the world although there are differing views as to whether this is attributable to the legal system or other factors such as social structures. The documents showed Saudi Arabia as allegedly implementing a ‘sportswashing’ strategy, inclusive of meetings and official calls with supreme authorities of associations like the Major League Soccer (MLS), World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), National Basketball Association (NBA). Saudi Arabia is opening its doors to visitors from all over the world with a new entry visa regime in place from 27th September 2019. [142], Except for the southwestern province of Asir, Saudi Arabia has a desert climate with very high day-time temperatures and a sharp temperature drop at night. It is composed of a chairman and 60 members—all chosen by the King. [68] The Midianites were depicted in two major events in the Bible that recount Israel's two wars with Median, somewhere in the early 11th century BC. Among its plans were to launch "economic cities" (e.g. There were divisions within the family over who should succeed to the throne after the accession or earlier death of Prince Sultan. "[292][293], In 2017, as part of its nuclear power program, Saudi Arabia planned to extract uranium domestically, taking a step towards self-sufficiency in producing nuclear fuel. [592] Also, the QS World University Rankings has ranked 19 Saudi universities among the top 100 Arab institutions, on its 13th edition. ", "These may be the world's first images of dogsand they're wearing leashes", The World around the Old Testament: The People and Places of the Ancient Near East, The political map of Arabia and the Middle East in the third century AD revealed by a Sabaean inscription, "Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia", Reaching for Power: The Shi'a in the Modern Arab World, "History of Saudi Arabia. [17][18][19][20][21], From the 10th century to the early 20th century, Mecca and Medina were under the control of a local Arab ruler known as the Sharif of Mecca, but at most times the Sharif owed allegiance to the ruler of one of the major Islamic empires based in Baghdad, Cairo or Istanbul. L'Arabia Saudita è una monarchia assoluta il cui sovrano è posto a capo dello stato, assumendo in sé anche la funzione di primo ministro e di massima carica religiosa. Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, is a country in Western Asia constituting the the vast majority of the Arabian Peninsula. • ad est dal golfo Persico e dal Qatar. [23][24] Saudi Arabia is sometimes called "the Land of the Two Holy Mosques" in reference to Al-Masjid al-Haram (in Mecca) and Al-Masjid an-Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam. The rate of local unemployment is 12.9%, its highest in more than a decade. [142], China and Saudi Arabia are major allies, with relationship between the two countries growing significantly in recent decades. The IsDB President’s views on preparing for re-globalisation post Covid-19. Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Theresa May backed the US call to end the coalition. Saudi Arabia officially has about 260 billion barrels (4.1×1010 m3) of oil reserves, comprising about one-fifth of the world's proven total petroleum reserves. In August 2014 both countries appeared to be exploring ways of ending the rift. As a result, they turned against Ibn Saud and, after a two-year struggle, were defeated in 1929 at the Battle of Sabilla, where their leaders were massacred. ambasciata.saudita@arabia-saudita.it. [147] The king is also the prime minister, and presides over the Council of Ministers of Saudi Arabia and Consultative Assembly of Saudi Arabia. [568], In August 2013, a law was passed that criminalized domestic violence against women. However, the superstar players Lacey Evans and Natalya were required to cover their arms and legs by wearing bodysuits during the fight, instead of the more revealing gear that they would normally wear.