Human translations with examples: paracetamol, acetaminophen, acetaminophen level. : Ho scritto codeina senza pensare, ma le ho dato il paracetamolo. [120] Harmon Northrop Morse had already synthesized paracetamol at Johns Hopkins University via the reduction of p-nitrophenol with tin in glacial acetic acid in 1877,[132][133] but it was not until 1887 that clinical pharmacologist Joseph von Mering tried paracetamol on humans. [50], NSAIDs such as ibuprofen, naproxen, and diclofenac are more effective than paracetamol for controlling dental pain or pain arising from dental procedures; combinations of NSAIDs and paracetamol are more effective than either alone. In caso di insufficienza renale grave (clearance della creatinina inferiore a 10 ml/min), l’intervallo tra le somministrazioni deve essere di almeno 8 ore.. 04.3 Controindicazioni. Paracetamol was then quickly discarded in favor of phenacetin. [138] In three papers published in the September 1948 issue of the Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Bernard Brodie, Julius Axelrod and Frederick Flinn confirmed using more specific methods that paracetamol was the major metabolite of acetanilide in human blood, and established that it was just as efficacious an analgesic as its precursor. [153], In Europe, prices differ from country to country; low-cost prices for 10 doses could reach €0.54 in Portugal, €0.91 in France and €1.97 in Germany. Possible cardiovascular toxicity with chronic NSAID use has been a major discussion recently", finally noting that "The goal of the educational efforts is not to decrease appropriate acetaminophen use or encourage substitution of NSAID use, but rather to educate consumers so that they can avoid unnecessary health risks."[176]. Diphenhydramine hydrochloride is known to have hypnotic effects and is non-habit forming. [45] Other systematic reviews have also concluded that evidence for its efficacy is lacking. [161] Another very commonly used analgesic combination includes paracetamol in combination with propoxyphene napsylate. [55][56] Combination drugs of paracetamol and strong opioids such as morphine improve analgesic effect. Insufficienza renale. Paracetamol is the major metabolite of phenacetin and may contribute to kidney injury through a specific mechanism. [129] This reaction is also used to determine paracetamol in urine samples: After hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid, 4-aminophenol reacts in ammonia solution with a phenol derivate, e.g. Signs and symptoms of paracetamol toxicity may initially be absent or non-specific symptoms. : I wrote codeine but I gave her paracetamol. ", "Acetaminophen from liver to brain: New insights into drug pharmacological action and toxicity", "Aspirin, NSAID, and Acetaminophen Use and the Risk of Endometrial Cancer", "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) - Interactions", "Effects of food on pharmacokinetics of immediate release oral formulations of aspirin, dipyrone, paracetamol and NSAIDs - a systematic review", "Efficacy and safety of acetaminophen vs ibuprofen for treating children's pain or fever: a meta-analysis", "The use of intravenous acetaminophen for acute pain in the emergency department", "Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for prevention or treatment of pain in newborns", "American College of Rheumatology 2012 recommendations for the use of nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapies in osteoarthritis of the hand, hip, and knee". È considerato un farmaco piuttosto sicuro, tanto da poter essere somministrato - agli opportuni dosaggi - anche ai neonati. Results: 254. Rude or colloquial translations are usually marked in red or orange. "[175], A report prepared by an internal FDA working group describes a history of FDA initiatives designed to educate consumers about the risk of paracetamol overdose and notes that one challenge to the Agency has been "identifying the appropriate message about the relative safety of acetaminophen, especially compared to other OTC pain relievers (e.g., aspirin and other NSAIDs)". [58], Paracetamol is used to treat patent ductus arteriosus, a condition that affects newborns when a blood vessel used in developing the lungs fails to close as it normally does, but evidence for the safety and efficacy of paracetamol for this purpose is lacking. [134] Von Mering claimed that, unlike phenacetin, paracetamol had a slight tendency to produce methemoglobinemia. Evidence is mixed for its use to relieve fever in children. [20][21] Higher doses may lead to toxicity. [40] A 2015 review, however, found it provided only a small benefit in osteoarthritis. / Si vede che hai provato qualcosina, parlano / Parlano le tue pupille / E adesso che mi prendi per la mano / Vacci Il paracetamolo può essere somministrato attraverso diverse vie e presenta un'elevata biodisponibilità, che non subisce importanti cambiamenti, eccezion fatta per i casi di epatopatia cronica. Materialet dhe informacionet në këtë portal nuk mund të kopjohen, të shtypen, ose të përdoren në çfarëdo forme tjetër për qëllime përfitimi, pa miratimin e drejtuesve të "Telegrafit". [20][21][19] Higher doses may lead to toxicity, including liver failure. : OK, the tox screen shows paracetamol, it shows aspirin and an antihistamine. [124][125], An alternative industrial synthesis developed by Hoechst–Celanese involves direct acylation of phenol with acetic anhydride catalyzed by HF, conversion of the ketone to a ketoxime with hydroxylamine, followed by the acid-catalyzed Beckmann rearrangement to give the amide.[125][126]. [citation needed] Paracetamol is also combined with other opioids such as dihydrocodeine,[159] referred to as co-dydramol (British Approved Name (BAN)), oxycodone[160] or hydrocodone. [119] The amide group is acetamide (ethanamide). Translator. Ma facciamo un passo indietro … Gabriele Gagliano – Ist. E adesso che mi prendi per la mano vacci piano. Additionally it does not cause gastric irritation. [34] The efficacy of paracetamol by itself in children with fevers has been questioned[35] and a meta-analysis showed that it is less effective than ibuprofen. Paracetamolo su My-personaltrainer.it: Tutti gli Articoli, i Video e gli Approfondimenti sul tema Paracetamolo. : Two hours ago it was 103 with acetaminophen. Ky portal mirëmbahet nga kompania "Telegrafi". [139][140][141] They also suggested that methemoglobinemia is produced in humans mainly by another metabolite, phenylhydroxylamine. [145], Available without a prescription since 1959,[146] it has since become a common household drug. [123] Industrially, direct hydrogenation is used, but in the laboratory scale sodium borohydride serves. [91] Unlike aspirin, paracetamol is generally considered safe for children, as it is not associated with a risk of Reye's syndrome in children with viral illnesses. The sales of phenacetin established Bayer as a leading pharmaceutical company. © 2013-2020 Reverso Technologies Inc. All rights reserved. [98] Kidney failure is also a possible side effect. Paracetamol is sometimes combined with phenylephrine hydrochloride. [154], Paracetamol is available in tablet, capsule, liquid suspension, suppository, intravenous, intramuscular and effervescent forms. [59][60] NSAIDs, particularly indomethacin and ibuprofen, have also been used, but the evidence for them is also not strong. 4,20 € Cantitate. Treatment with N-acetylcysteine,[178] methylene blue or both is sometimes effective after the ingestion of small doses of paracetamol. [77] Certain evidence suggests that this association likely reflects confounders[78] rather than being truly causal. The nitro group is then reduced to an amine, giving 4-aminophenol. The wholesale price in the developing world is less than US$0.01 per dose. [42][43][44] The American College of Physicians, as of 2017[update], noted evidence that it was no different than placebo in the treatment of nonradicular low back pain. [37] In adults, it appears to be useful for migraines, tension headaches, perineal pain after childbirth, and kidney stone pain. [135], Paracetamol was first marketed in the United States in 1950 under the name Triagesic, a combination of paracetamol, aspirin, and caffeine. [18][19] The recommended maximum daily dose for an adult is three to four grams. Ekzistas malmulta evidentaĵo pri senpezigo de febro en infanoj. [122], The original method for production involves the nitration of phenol with sodium nitrate and gives a mixture of two isomers, from which the desired 4-nitrophenol (bp 279 °C) can easily be separated by steam distillation. [59] The condition appears to be caused in part by overactive prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), signalling primarily through its EP4 receptor, but possibly also through its EP2 receptor and EP3 receptors. Initial symptoms include vomiting, salivation, and discoloration of the tongue and gums. Three metabolic pathways are notable:[98], All three pathways yield final products that are inactive, nontoxic, and eventually excreted by the kidneys. [29] In 2017, it was the 25th-most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 24 million prescriptions. ", "Paracetamol for treating fever in children", "Recent Advances in Pediatric Use of Oral Paracetamol in Fever and Pain Management", "Evidence on the use of paracetamol in febrile children", "Efficacy and safety of paracetamol for spinal pain and osteoarthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo controlled trials", "Paracetamol for adults: painkiller to treat aches, pains and fever", "What are the recommended maximum daily dosages of acetaminophen in adults and children? [137], Von Mering's claims remained essentially unchallenged for half a century, until two teams of researchers from the United States analyzed the metabolism of acetanilide and paracetamol. Un suo frequente utilizzo è per abbassare la febbre. So has the maker of Tylenol, McNeil Consumer Healthcare, a division of Johnson & Johnson"[174] and "McNeil, the maker of Tylenol, ... has repeatedly opposed safety warnings, dosage restrictions and other measures meant to safeguard users of the drug. [93], In general, the recommended maximum daily dose of paracetamol for healthy adults is three or four grams. [95] The process of dying from an overdose takes from 3–5 days to 4–6 weeks. [76], An association exists between paracetamol use and asthma, but whether this association is causal is still debated as of 2017[update]. Paracetamolo (o acetaminofene). [medical citation needed], In June 2009, an FDA advisory committee recommended that new restrictions be placed on paracetamol use in the United States to help protect people from the potential toxic effects. [116], Paracetamol is metabolized primarily in the liver, into toxic and nontoxic products. [98] Activated charcoal can be used to decrease absorption of paracetamol if the person comes to the hospital soon after the overdose. [12] It appears to be safe during pregnancy and when breastfeeding. [53] The Cochrane review of preoperative analgesics for additional pain relief in children and adolescents shows no evidence of benefit in taking paracetamol before dental treatment to help reduce pain after treatment for procedures under local anaesthetic, but the quality of evidence is low. [16] It is typically used either by mouth or rectally, but is also available by injection into a vein. "[61][62][63] In a 2011 Safety Warning, the FDA immediately required manufacturers to update labels of all prescription combination acetaminophen products to warn of the potential risk for severe liver injury and required that such combinations contain no more than 325 mg of acetaminophen. [13], Paracetamol toxicity is the foremost cause of acute liver failure in the Western world, and accounts for most drug overdoses in the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand. [57], The combination of paracetamol with caffeine is superior to paracetamol alone for the treatment of common pain conditions, including dental pain, post partum pain, and headache. 2,353 likes. Accordi Chitarra: ecco gli accordi di chitarra per suonare Riptide di Vance Joy.. Gli accordi di chitarra presenti in questa canzone sono: LA-, SOL, DO, FA. Model 042360040. [120] It has been suggested that contamination of paracetamol with 4-aminophenol, the substance von Mering synthesised it from, may be the cause for his spurious findings. Il risultato deriva dall’analisi effettuata su 666mila pazienti seguiti in 8 diverse ricerche e ha portato a ritenere che questo principio attivo, assunto per molti anni quotidianamente per lenire i forti dolori caus… [120] In 1893, von Mering published a paper reporting on the clinical results of paracetamol with phenacetin, another aniline derivative. [157], In some formulations, paracetamol is combined with the opiate codeine, sometimes referred to as co-codamol (BAN) and Panadeine in Australia. [12] The World Health Organization recommends that paracetamol be used to treat fever in children only if their temperature is higher than 38.5 °C (101.3 °F). [48] In the treatment of acute migraine, it is superior to placebo, with 39% of people experiencing pain relief at one hour compared with 20% in the control group. [67][68][69][70] According to the FDA, in the United States, "56,000 emergency room visits, 26,000 hospitalizations, and 458 deaths per year [were] related to acetaminophen-associated overdoses during the 1990s. Contextual translation of "paracetamolo" into English. [41], Based on a systematic review, paracetamol was recommended by the American College of Physicians and the American Pain Society as a first-line treatment for lower back pain. [22] It is classified as a mild analgesic. [23] Paracetamol's mechanism of action is not entirely clear. Trimite unui prieten *: *: * Print ; 3,57 €-15% . [120] It is not considered an NSAID because it does not exhibit significant anti-inflammatory activity (it is a weak COX inhibitor). 4-Aminophenol prepared this way, and related to the commercially available Metol, has been used as a developer in photography by hobbyists. A follow-up paper by Brodie and Axelrod in 1949 established that phenacetin was also metabolized to paracetamol. Allora, l'esame tossicologico mostra paracetamolo, aspirina, e antistaminici. Committee members were particularly concerned by the fact that the then-present maximum dosages of paracetamol had been shown to produce alterations in liver function. Finally, the amine is acetylated with acetic anhydride. [39], The American College of Rheumatology recommends paracetamol as one of several treatment options for people with arthritis pain of the hip, hand, or knee that does not improve with exercise and weight loss. It is an extensively conjugated system, as one lone pair on the hydroxyl oxygen, the benzene pi cloud, the nitrogen lone pair, the p orbital on the carbonyl carbon, and one lone pair on the carbonyl oxygen are all conjugated. Ho scritto codeina senza pensare, ma le ho dato il, The only treatment is fluid replacement and, In verità, Dottor Carlton, ho già provato il, Quando assunto alle normali dosi terapeutiche il, Nelle cellule renali, la cicloossigenasi catalizza la conversione del, In cells of the kidney, cyclooxygenases catalyse the conversion of, In generale il danno avviene negli epatociti mentre metabolizzano il, In general, damage occurs in liver cells as they metabolize the, Negli adulti il trattamento iniziale per l'avvelenamento da, Un trattamento sintomatico comprende la reidratazione e il sollievo dal dolore con farmaci come il, Asymptomatic treatment includes rehydration and pain relief with drugs such as, L'indagine è stata seguita da un test delle urine per determinare la concentrazione di, The investigation was followed by a urine test to determine the concentration of, Pertanto, si raccomanda di prendere bassi dosaggi di, Therefore, it is recommended to take low dosages of, Una regolamentazione di questo tipo è già in vigore per il, A regulation of this kind is already in force for. Testa - Cephalon or head (cephalic) Collo - Cervicis or neck (cervical) Spalla - Shoulder (acromial) Schiena - Dorsum or back (dorsal) Braccio - Brachium or arm (brachial) [32] Bioavailability (the percentage of an administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation) is "not different between fasted and fed states. Exact: 254. Il Paracetamolo viene impieato per contrastare il dolore lieve-moderato associato a mal di testa, fastidi muscolari, ciclo mestruale, sindromi da raffreddamento, mal di gola, mal di denti, mal di schiena, artrosi e reazioni alle vaccinazioni. It is often sold in combination with other medications, such as in many cold medications. Adăugaţi la lista dorinţelor . Ridere non è solo contagioso, ma è anche la migliore medicina. Il paracetamolo (o acetaminofene) è un farmaco appartenente alla classe degli antinfiammatori non steroidei (FANS). Paracetamolo Lyrics: Lo sai che la Tachipirina 500 se ne prendi due / Diventa 1000? In November 2011, the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency revised UK dosing of liquid paracetamol for children. In the third pathway, however, the intermediate product NAPQI is toxic. Il paracetamolo è il principale metabolita della fenacetina e può contribuire al danno renale mediante un meccanismo specifico. [12][13] It is typically used for mild to moderate pain relief. [118] Production of NAPQI is due primarily to two isoenzymes of cytochrome P450: CYP2E1[113] and CYP3A4. Preț redus! [23][24][25], Paracetamol is used for the relief of mild to moderate pain. The report notes that "Chronic use of NSAIDs is also associated with significant morbidity and mortality. 11.00 цагт Эрүүл мэндийн яамнаас коронавирусний асуудлаар цахимаар мэдээлнэ. As the substituents are ortho, para-directing and para with respect to each other, all positions on the ring are more or less equally activated. [98][117], Paracetamol consists of a benzene ring core, substituted by one hydroxyl group and the nitrogen atom of an amide group in the para (1,4) pattern. Leggi i consigli dei nostri esperti. Major metabolites of acetanilid appearing in the blood", "SEC Info - Eastman Kodak Co - '8-K' for 6/30/94", "The concept of: Generic drugs and patented drugs vs. brand name drugs and non-proprietary (generic) name drugs", "International Non-Proprietary Name for Pharmaceutical Preparations (Recommended List #4)", "TGA Approved Terminology for Medicines, Section 1 – Chemical Substances", "Acetaminophen prices, coupons and patient assistance programs", "Les prix en Europe - La boîte paracétamol 10 comprimés (générique)", "Acetaminophen Overdose and Liver Injury — Background and Options for Reducing Injury", "IV, PO, and PR Acetaminophen: A Quick Comparison", "Acetaminophen and Codeine (Professional Patient Advice)", "Acetaminophen, Caffeine, and Dihydrocodeine (Professional Patient Advice)", "Oxycodone and Acetaminophen (Professional Patient Advice)", "Hydrocodone and Acetaminophen (Professional Patient Advice)", "APOHealth Paracetamol Plus Codeine & Calmative", "Ascorbic acid/Phenylephrine/Paracetamol", "Phenylephrine/Caffeine/Paracetamol dual relief", "Beechams Decongestant Plus With Paracetamol", "Simultaneous High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Paracetamol, Phenylephrine HCl, and Chlorpheniramine Maleate in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms", "Bioavailability of paracetamol, phenylephrine hydrochloride and guaifenesin in a fixed-combination syrup versus an oral reference product", "Paracetamol – phenylephrine hydrochloride – guaifenesin", "Treating a Restless Legs Sydnrome (RLS)", "Recommendations for FDA Interventions to Decrease the Occurrence of Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity", "The diagnosis of acetaminophen toxicosis in a cat", "Management of acetaminophen and ibuprofen toxicoses in dogs and cats", "Ibuprofen toxicosis in dogs, cats, and ferrets", "Tylenol-loaded mice dropped from air to control snakes", "Evidence for the efficacy of pain medications", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paracetamol&oldid=994429859, World Health Organization essential medicines, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Articles with dead external links from September 2020, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from February 2020, Short description is different from Wikidata, Multiple chemicals in an infobox that need indexing, Drugboxes which contain changes to watched fields, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2017, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2014, Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, N-acetyl-para-aminophenol (APAP), acetaminophen (, This page was last edited on 15 December 2020, at 17:59. PARACETAMOLO 20 COMPRESSE 500 MG SANDOZ. In the U.S., this combination is available only by prescription,[158] while the lowest-strength preparation is over the counter in Canada, and in other countries other strengths may be available over the counter. "[33] However, one review found that taking paracetamol with food may have an effect that "reduces its efficacy for a given dose and increases the likelihood of additional doses or different analgesics being taken. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, "Tylenol, Tylenol Infants' Drops (acetaminophen) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more", "Acetaminophen Pathway (therapeutic doses), Pharmacokinetics", "Buccal acetaminophen provides fast analgesia: two randomized clinical trials in healthy volunteers", "Codapane Forte Paracetamol and codeine phosphate product information", "Acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity-Isn't it time for APAP to go away? [19][46][47], A joint statement of the German, Austrian, and Swiss headache societies and the German Society of Neurology recommends the use of paracetamol in combination with caffeine as one of several first-line therapies for treatment of tension and migraine headaches. [65][105] Unlike an overdose in humans, liver damage is rarely the cause of death; instead, methemoglobin formation and the production of Heinz bodies in red blood cells inhibit oxygen transport by the blood, causing asphyxiation (methemoglobemia and hemolytic anemia).[177]. [113], Despite its common use, the mechanism of action of paracetamol is not completely understood. [70][96] Paracetamol overdose results in more calls to poison control centers in the US than overdose of any other pharmacological substance. [24] This activity does not appear to be direct inhibition by blocking an active site, but rather by reducing COX, which must be oxidized in order to function. [115][136] However, unlike phenacetin, acetanilide and their combinations, paracetamol is not considered carcinogenic at therapeutic doses. [180] It should be administered to dogs only on veterinary advice and with extreme caution. Translate texts with the world's best machine translation technology, developed by the creators of Linguee. Paracetamol can relieve pain in mild arthritis, but has no effect on the underlying inflammation, redness, and swelling of the joint. Look up words and phrases in comprehensive, reliable bilingual dictionaries and search through billions of online translations. Ipersensibilità al paracetamolo o ad uno qualsiasi degli eccipienti elencati al paragrafo 6.1. [medical citation needed], Paracetamol hepatotoxicity is by far the most common cause of acute liver failure in both the United States and the United Kingdom. In 1963, paracetamol was added to the British Pharmacopoeia, and has gained popularity since then as an analgesic agent with few side-effects and little interaction with other pharmaceutical agents. [103][65][104][105] Manufacturers had three years to limit the amount of paracetamol in their prescription drug products to 325 mg per dosage unit. The presence of two activating groups also make the benzene ring highly reactive toward electrophilic aromatic substitution. Elapsed time: 69 ms. Word index: 1-300, 301-600, 601-900, More, Expression index: 1-400, 401-800, 801-1200, More, Phrase index: 1-400, 401-800, 801-1200, More. [94] People who take overdoses of paracetamol do not fall asleep or lose consciousness, although most people who attempt suicide with paracetamol wrongly believe that they will be rendered unconscious by the drug. [118] At usual doses, NAPQI is quickly detoxified by conjugation with glutathione. [172], In September 2013, an episode of This American Life titled "Use Only as Directed"[173] highlighted deaths from paracetamol overdose. Come qualsiasi altro farmaco anche il paracetamolo può darepossibili effetti indesiderati. [36] Paracetamol does not have significant anti-inflammatory effects. Accordi Chitarra Spartiti Tab e Testo della canzone Paracetamolo di Calcutta 1000note These examples may contain colloquial words based on your search. [19] They are more likely to have abnormal liver function tests, but the importance of this is uncertain. Il testo di Paracetamolo è una ballata romantica con una forte influenza indie-rock. It is typically used for mild to moderate pain relief. [116] After 4 hours, the concentration is usually less than 10 µg/ml (66 µmol/L). [57], Paracetamol is commonly used in multi-ingredient preparations for migraine headache, typically including butalbital and paracetamol with or without caffeine, and sometimes containing codeine. "Diagnosis and Treatment of Low Back Pain: A Joint Clinical Practice Guideline from the American College of Physicians and the American Pain Society", "Medications for Acute and Chronic Low Back Pain: A Review of the Evidence for an American Pain Society/American College of Physicians Clinical Practice Guideline", "Noninvasive Treatments for Acute, Subacute, and Chronic Low Back Pain: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American College of Physicians", "Self-medication of migraine and tension-type headache: summary of the evidence-based recommendations of the Deutsche Migräne und Kopfschmerzgesellschaft (DMKG), the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurologie (DGN), the Österreichische Kopfschmerzgesellschaft (ÖKSG) and the Schweizerische Kopfwehgesellschaft (SKG)", "Paracetamol (acetaminophen) with or without an antiemetic for acute migraine headaches in adults", "Ibuprofen and/or paracetamol (acetaminophen) for pain relief after surgical removal of lower wisdom teeth, a Cochrane systematic review", "Preoperative analgesics for additional pain relief in children and adolescents having dental treatment", "Analgesic efficacy and safety of paracetamol-codeine combinations versus paracetamol alone: a systematic review", "Single dose oral paracetamol (acetaminophen) with codeine for postoperative pain in adults", "Safe Use Initiative: Acetaminophen Toxicity", "Using Acetaminophen and Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Safely", "FDA limits acetaminophen in prescription combination products; requires liver toxicity warnings", "FDA Drug Safety Communication: Prescription Acetaminophen Products to be Limited to 325 mg Per Dosage Unit; Boxed Warning Will Highlight Potential for Severe Liver Failure", "FDA: Acetaminophen doses over 325 mg may lead to liver damage", "Guidelines for the management of paracetamol poisoning in Australia and New Zealand—explanation and elaboration.